CALCIUM NUTRITION · RESEARCH
Explore published research and expert perspectives on calcium nutrition, formulation science and bone health.
Human studies on pediatric calcium nutrition and maternal bone health, including historical formulations.
A 2014 randomized trial in Archives of Disease in Childhood studied vitamin D added to calcium for calcium-deficiency rickets. It enrolled 72 children and followed treatment for 24 weeks; the primary outcome difference did not meet the conventional threshold for statistical significance.
Two independent trials reported in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2024 each enrolled 11,000 nulliparous pregnant women in India and Tanzania. They compared 500 mg with 1500 mg of elemental calcium daily. Preeclampsia results met the noninferiority criterion in both trials; preterm-birth results differed.
Evidence syntheses and health economic analyses, with attention to study methods and model assumptions.
A 2020 Cochrane review of 4 randomized trials involving 286 children suggests that calcium or combined treatment may improve healing versus vitamin D alone, with low-certainty evidence.
A 2021 meta-analysis in Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Economics included 8 controlled pediatric rickets studies with 840 children. The pooled response rate was 72.7% with compound calcium carbonate granules and 63.1% with calcium carbonate D3 granules. Recurrence, constipation and stone events were also compared.
A 2025 Chinese Journal of New Drugs systematic review used network meta-analysis and a decision-tree cost-effectiveness model. Compound calcium carbonate granules showed favorable response, recurrence and bone-density Z-score outcomes versus calcium carbonate D3 granules, without a significant safety difference. The study concluded that the formulation had a high probability of being cost-effective for nutritional rickets.
Formulation properties and calcium absorption mechanisms studied in vitro, in cells and in animal models.
A 2019 Current Medical Science preclinical study used in-vitro experiments and 5-week-old mice. After omeprazole-induced gastric acid suppression, calcium absorption did not significantly decline with compound calcium carbonate granules, while it decreased with the calcium carbonate D3 comparator. In untreated mice, the compound formulation showed no marked inhibition of gastric emptying or intestinal propulsion.
Studies from 2019 and 2023 examine calcium absorption and formulation properties through solubility experiments, cellular transport studies and animal models.
A study combining in-vitro pharmaceutical tests, a Caco-2 cell model and an osteoporotic mouse model showed higher in-vitro dissolution, improved vitamin D3 stability and higher calcium transport; some bone indices and trabecular micro-structure improved, with lower observed stone-related risk. The paper explicitly describes complexation and inclusion technologies.
Guidelines and professional consensus on calcium nutrition, prevention and bone health management.
The 2016 global consensus uses literature review and expert discussion to address nutritional rickets definitions, diagnosis, prevention and management, including vitamin D and calcium nutrition.
WHO guidance addresses calcium supplementation in populations with low dietary calcium intake to reduce pre-eclampsia risk. Dietary intake and obstetric assessment remain relevant.
EAU urolithiasis guidance includes normal dietary calcium among general preventive measures. Dietary calcium and additional supplements require separate assessment.
NOGG guidance addresses balanced diet, appropriate calcium intake and exercise for postmenopausal women and men aged 50 or older with osteoporosis or fragility-fracture risk.
